Comparative study on sepsis models induced by Escherichia coli subtypes / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the degrees of injury severity of sepsis models made by different kinds of Escherichia coli. Methods The 152 mice were randomly divided into control group, DH5α group, 44102 group, and 25922 group, with 38 rats in each group. DH5α group, 44102 group and 25922 group were intraperitoneally injected with 300 μL of Escherichia coli DH5α, 44102 and 25922 at the concentration of 1.0 × 109CFU/kg to prepare sepsis models of different kinds of Escherichia coli. Control group was injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of normal saline. (1) After 8 h, four mice were taken from each group for peripheral blood bacterial culture . (2) After 12 h, ten mice in each group were used for measuring serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (3) Western blot assay was used to determine the serum levels of high-mobility group protein (HMGB1) in four mice of each group. (4) Ten mice in each group were used to measure serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) by automatic biochemical analyzer. (5) After liver, lung and kidney tissues were fixed with formaldehyde, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed (n=10 for each group). Results In DH5α group, 44102 group and 25922 group, bacteria, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 protein, liver and kidney indicators ALT, AST, CR and BUN showed a sequential increasing trend (P＜0.01). The severe degrees of alveolar structure damage, hepatic cell infiltration and renal glomerular atrophy were DH5α group, 44102 group and 25922 group in turn. There were no obvious damages of lung, liver or kidney tissues in control group. Conclusion Escherichia coli 25922 induces severe sepsis injury and can be used to study the animal models of the initial inflammatory phase of sepsis. Escherichia coli 44102 induces moderate damage of sepsis and can be used in animal models that do not require definitive sepsis staging experiments. Escherichia coli DH5α induces less damage of sepsis and can be used to explore immunosuppressive therapy of the animal model of sepsis.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cellular immune function in patients with malignant tumor:a meta-analysis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cellular immune function in patients with malignant tumor.Methods The Medline,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,PubMed,OVID,Superstar Foreign Languages Database and Chinese Database,CNKI,Chinese Biomedical Literature CD-ROM Database and Wanfang Database were searched,and the publication was not limited by language or time.The randomized controlled trials involving the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cellular immune function in patients with malignant tumor were collected.The evaluation indexes included the levels of whole blood T lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and natural killer cells and ratio of CD4+/CD8+.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2 software.Results Twelve prospective randomized controlled trials involving 692 patients were included in our meta-analysis.Compared with control group,the levels of CD3+,CD4+ and natural killer cells and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were significantly increased at 1 day after operation (P＜0.01),and no significant change was found in the level of CD8+ in dexmedetomidine group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can improve postoperative cellular immune function in patients with malignant tumors.

Application of Medical Imaging Technologies in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional spinal deformity,characterized by lateral curvature and vertebral rotation.The medical imaging techniques are essential for determination of severity of scoliotic spine, prediction of progression and assistance in the decision-making process of treatment for scoliosis, including radiograph, stereoradiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound.This paper reviewed their application from the view of measure parameters,reliability and va-lidity,as well as merits and demerits.It is possible to assess the three-dimensional nature of scoliosis in the future.

Relieving efefct of Dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion at differ-ent time points in rats / 医学研究生学报

Objectiv e Renal ischemia-reperfusion ( I/R) may cause myocardial injury and dexmedetomidine ( DEX) is a new alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with the effects of antisympathia , seda-tion, and analgesia.This study was to investigate the effect of DEX on the myocardial tissue of rats at different time points after renal I/R. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups of equal number,sham operation, 60 min renal ischemia and 3 h reperfusion (I/R1), 120 min ischemia and 3 h reperfusion (I/R2 ), 60 min ischemia and DEX+3 h reperfusion (D1), 120 min ischemia and DEX+3 h reperfusion ( D2) .Renal I/R was induced by removal of the right kidney and ligation of the left re-nal artery and vein followed by 3 hours of reperfusion.Meanwhile, intraperitoneal injection of DEX at 50μg/kg was given to the ani-mals in groups D1 and D2 at 60 at 120 min respectively after ischemia.After 3 hours of reperfusion, blood samples were collected for measurement of the concentrations of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and renal and myocardial tissues harvested for observation of pathological changes under the light microscope and determination of the expressions of TNF-αand IL-10 by ELISA.Results Significant increases were observed in the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN , the expressions of TNF-αand IL-10 in the renal tissues and those in the myocardial tissues in groups I /R1([84.67 ±9.62] μmol/L, [8.55 ±1.08] mmol /L), I/R2 ([167.11 ±18.81] μmol/L, [13.42 ±1.25] mmol/L), D1 ([69.67 ±9.52] μmol/L, [7.56 ±0.70] mmol/L), and D2 ([114.29 ±12.50] μmol/L, [10.27 ±0.78] mmol/L), as compared with the sham operation group ([53.20 ±9.21] μmol/L, [3.75 ±0.78] mmol/L), (all P <0.05).Significant decreases was observed in the sham operation group as compared with other groups in the expressions of TNF-αand IL-10 (P<0.05).Significant decreases was observed in the D1 and D2 groups compared with other groups in the expressions of TNF-α, but increasing in IL-10.②Injury was reduced in the D1 and D2 groups compared with other groups.③The horizontal stripes of myocardial tissue disappeared in I/R1 and I/R2 decreases of inflammatory cells was observed in D1 and D2 groups compared with others. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate myocar-dial injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats and its inhibitory effect on inflammatory factors may be involved in the mechanism.

Indirubin inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the antitumoral effect of indirubin on androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We measured the inhibitory effect of indirubin on the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells using MTT assay, detected their cell cycles by flow cytometry, and determined the expressions of the cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1 and its related downstream gene c-myc by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The viability of the PC-3 cells was significantly decreased by indirubin in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced to 52. 2% and 13. 6% at 5 and 10 µmol/L, respectively. The cell cycle of the PC-3 cells was markedly inhibited by indirubin at 5 µmol/L, with the cells remarkably increased in the G0 and G1 phases and decreased in the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, indirubin also inhibited the expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc in the Wnt signaling pathway.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Indirubin can suppress the proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells, which may be associated with its inhibitory effect on the cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathway.</p>

Transurethral transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for radical prostatectomy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and advantages of transurethral transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (TU-LESS) for radical prostatectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five patients with prostate cancer underwent TU-LESS for radical prostatectomy, with a four-channel single-port device inserted into a 2. 5 cm periumbilical incision and another placed through the urethra, followed by analysis of the perioperative data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successfully accomplished, with neither conversion to open surgery nor additional channel. The mean operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were 168 min, 120 ml, and 15 d, respectively. No severe perioperative complications were observed. TNM stage classification manifested T2cN0M0 in 2 cases and T2bN0M0 in the other 3. Postoperative pathology showed no negative surgical margins in any of the cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TU-LESS is safe and feasible for radical prostatectomy and can reduce the complication of low urinary tract surgery by single-site laparoendoscopy.</p>

Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 医学研究生学报

Objective Renal ischemia-reperfusion may cause myocardial injury and dexmedetomidine ( DEX)is a new alpha-2 adrenergic agonist which has the effects of antisympathia , sedation and analgesia.The article was to observe the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia -reperfusion(I/R) in Rats. Methods 40 male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups(n=8 each)using a random number table: sham operation group(isolation of bilateral renal pedicles without ligation), I/R group (3 hours′reperfusion 120 minutes after the right nephrectomy and the ligation of left renal artery ), DEX low dose group, DEX middle dose group and DEX high dose group (DEX 25, 50, 100 μg/kg were respectively injected intraperitone-ally in rats of the three groups plus 3 hours′reperfusion after 120 minutes′ischemia ) .Blood samples were collected at 3 hours′reper-fusion to determine serum creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentrations.Kidney and myocardial specimens were ex-tracted for microscopic examination and IL-10,TNF-αcontent were detected by ELISA. Results In sham operation group, renal structure was normal.In I/R group, a great amount of erythrocyte infiltration and interstitial infiltrating inflammatory cells were found in glomerulus and a lot of exfoliative cells were found in renal tubules .In DEX low dose group , erythrocyte infiltration and interstitial infiltrating inflammatory cells were found in glomerulus and a few exfoliative cells were found in renal tubules .In DEX middle dose group, erythrocyte infiltration and interstitial infiltrating inflammatory cells were found in partial glomerulus and a few exfoliative cells were found in renal tubules .In DEX high dose group , erythrocyte infiltration and interstitial infiltrating inflammatory cells in partial glomerulus were found and rare exfoliative cells were found in renal tubules .In sham operation group , cardiomyocytes were arranged in perfect order and normal structure , and chromatins and cytoplasms were in uniform distribution .In I/R group, edema and spongiform were obvious in cardiomyocytes , and focal coagulative necrosis was observed along with a great amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells and rare flaky bleeding .In DEX low dose group , edema and spongiform were found in cardiomyocytes , and focal coagulative necrosis was observed along with a great amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells and rare flaky bleeding .In DEX middle dose group , edema was found in cardiomyocytes , and mini focal coagulative necrosis was observed along with a small amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells.In DEX high dose group , edema was found in cardiomyocytes along with a small amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells .Com-pared with sham operation group , Cr, BUN concentrations in serum and IL-10,TNF-αcontents in kidney tissue and myocardium signif-icantly increased in I/R group, low dose group, middle dose group and high dose group(P<0.05).Compared with I/R group, IL-10 contents kidney tissue and myocardium significantly increased in small dose group (P<0.05).Cr ([167.11 ±18.81, 135.46 ± 9.80, 114.29 ±12.50, 100.15 ±8.81]μmol/L), BUN ([13.42 ±1.25, 11.73 ±1.15, 10.27 ±0.78, 9.28 ±0.52] mmol/L) concentrations in serum and TNF-αcontents in kidney tissue ([578.45 ±30.59, 530.76 ±20.59, 482.23 ±27.12, 423.14 ± 21.16]ng/L) and myocardium ([565.00 ±37.66, 517.82 ±36.89, 469.99 ±32.43, 407.41 ±23.77] ng/L) significantly de-creased in a dose-dependent manner in low , middle and high groups (P<0.05).Microscopic examination showed that the pathological changes of both kidney tissue and myocardium were significantly attenuated in low , middle and high dose group . Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can allenuate myocardial tissue injury induced by renal ischemia -reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner in rats and its mechanism may be involved with the inhibition of inflammatory factors .

The effective injection zone at the popliteal crease for tibial and common peroneal nerve blocks and its relation with the origin point of the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves / Zona de inyección eficaz en el pliegue poplíteo para el bloqueo de los nervios tibial y fibular común y su relación con el punto de origen de los nervios cutáneo sural medial y lateral

A popliteal nerve block may be used to provide anesthesia and extended analgesia of the lower extremity, to ameliorate severe and long lasting postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to elucidate the anatomical location of tibial (TN) and common peroneal (CPN) nerves in the popliteal crease for effective nerve block. Fifty fresh specimens from 27 adult Chinese cadavers (16 males and 11 females, age range from 35 to 87 years) were investigated. Twenty-two cadavers were used to identify nerve locations and 5 cadavers were used to determine the depths of nerves in cross section. TN was found to be located at 50% from the most lateral point of the popliteal crease at 1.4 cm deep to the surface. In 20% of the 50 specimens, the medial sural cutaneous nerve branched out below or at the popliteal crease, whereas the CPN was located at 26.0% from the most lateral point of the popliteal crease and at 0.7 cm deep to the surface. Furthermore, in 6.0% of specimens the lateral sural cutaneous nerve branched out below or at the popliteal crease. This study suggests that the TN and CPN leave the sciatic nerve at variable distances from the popliteal crease. However, we believe that the results of the present study about the location of TN and CPN at the popliteal crease offer a good guide to optimal nerve block.

El bloqueo nervioso poplíteo puede ser utilizado para proporcionar anestesia y analgesia prolongada del miembro inferior y para aliviar el dolor postoperatorio severo y duradero. El objetivo fue determinar la localización anatómica de los nervios tibial (NT) y fibular común (NFC) en el pliegue poplíteo para un bloqueo nervioso efectivo. Se utilizaron 50 miembros inferiores frescos pertenecientes a 27 cadáveres adultos chinos (16 hombres y 11 mujeres, rango de edad entre 35-87 años). Se utilizaron 22 cadáveres para identificar la localización de los nervios y los 5 restantes para determinar la profundidad de los nervios en una sección transversal. El NT se encontró en el 50% de los casos desde el punto más lateral del pliegue poplíteo a 1,4 cm de la superficie. En el 20% de 50 muestras, el nervio cutáneo sural medial se ramificó por debajo o en el pliegue poplíteo, mientras que el NFC se encontró en el 26% de los casos desde el punto más lateral del pliegue poplíteo a 0,7 cm de la superficie. Además, en el 6% de las muestras, el nervio cutáneo sural lateral se ramificó por debajo o en el pliegue poplíteo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el NT y NFC emergen del nervio ciático a distancias variables del pliegue poplíteo. Creemos que los resultados sobre la ubicación de NT y NFC en el pliegue poplíteo ofrecen una buena guía para el adecuado bloqueo nervioso.

Efficacy of combination therapy with pegylated-interferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin in autoantibody-positive chronic hepatitis C patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of antiviral combination therapy with pegylated-interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin (RBV) in patients with autoantibody-positive chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and to investigate the impact of the presence of autoantibodies on the treatment outcome. Eighty-six consecutive CHC patients who underwent a 48-week treatment regimen composed of Peg-IFNa-2a (135 or 180 mug/wk) plus weight-based RBV ( less than or equal to 65 kg, 800 mg/d; 65 to 75 kg, 1000 mg/d; more than or equal to75 kg, 1200 mg/d ). Prior to treatment (baseline) and at end of treatment (EOT; week 48), levels of antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA), anti liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1 (LKM1), anti-La (SSB), and anti liver cytosolic-1 (LC-1) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. At baseline, during treatment (weeks 4, 12, 24, and 36), EOT, and 24 weeks after EOT, levels of HCV RNA were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. Rapid virological response (RVR) was defined as HCV RNA less than 10(3) copy/ml at week 4. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was defined as HCV RNA load below the lower limit of detection at 24 weeks after EOT. Correlation between autoantibodies and treatment-induced reduced HCV RNA load was assessed by univariate analysis of variance or chi-squared tests. Autoantibodies were detected in 24 patients, which included 14 ANA-positive patients, five SMA-positive patients, three LKM1-positive patients, one patient with double-positivity for ANA and SSB, and one patient with double-positivity for ANA and LC-1. The autoantibody-positive patients and autoantibody-negative patients showed similar rates of RVR (70.8% vs. 72.5%, P more than 0.05) and SVR (81.4% vs. 82.2%, P more than 0.05). Antiviral therapy with Peg-IFNa-2a RBV can effectively reduce the HCV RNA load in autoantibody-positive CHC patients; however, the presence of autoantibodies may not be an independent predictor of therapy outcome.

Lamivudine-resistant analysis and management for chronic hepatitis B patients with initial lamivudine therapy / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the factors influencing the long-term usage of lamivudine (LAM) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and the management after drug-resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>383 cases of naive CHB patients in our outpatient clinic were treated with lamivudine (100 mg/d) and followed up for at least over 1 year from 2001 to 2010. 129 cases encountered lamivudine-resistance and were then divided into two groups: patients in group A were switched to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) alternative treatment and those patients in group B were added with ADV for continuous treatment. Efficacy assessment factors included serum HBV markers, HBV DNA, ALT, AFP and other biochemical indicators.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 383 cases, patients with HBV DNA negative conversion (PCR below test line) at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and > 3 years after initial treatment were respectively 156 cases (40.7%), 213 cases (55.6%), 228 cases (59.5% ), 217cases (56.7%), 214 cases (55.9%) and 213 cases (55.6%). HBeAg/HBeAb seroconversion occurred in 62 cases (22.6%). 12 cases were found with primary LAM resistance, 129 cases with HBV breakthrough and rebound, the cumulative resistance rate was 36.8% and the cumulative rebound rate was 34.8%. High baseline viral load, baseline ALT levels < 2 ULN, Lower virologic response rate at week 24 were associated with a higher rebound rate (chi2 is 35.716, 8.728, 43.534, respectively, all with P < 0.01).Viral breakthrough and rebound occurred in 112 patients (86.8%) within 1 year and a half, 123 patients (95.3%) occurred at the end of 2 years and no patient with viral breakthrough and rebound after 5 years. For the patients with viral rebound in group A and group B, the rates of HBV DNA loss were 22.7% (15/66) and 58.7% (37/63) respectively, and the viral response rates were 59.1% (39/66) and 87.3% (52/63) respectively, with chi2 values equaled 17.364 and 12.975 respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For the chronic hepatitis B patients on initial treatment with lamivudine, the viral rebound occurred mainly within 2 years. LAM combined with ADV is more effective than ADV alone for lamivudine-resistant patients.</p>

Association between the influential factors and the effectiveness of pegylated interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin as a combination treatment for chronic hepatitis C patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

To evaluate the efficacy and to investigate the association between the length of the treatment period and the cumulative dose of pegylated interferon alpha-2a (PegIFN alpha-2a) plus ribavirin (RBV) and the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. We analyzed data from 117 patients treated for 48 weeks with PEG-IFN alpha-2a (135mug or 180mug/week) plus weight-based RBV (800 mg/d for patients is less than or equal to 65 kg, 1000 mg/d for patients 65-75 kg and 1200 mg/d for patients is more than or equal to 75 kg) under care at West China Hospital. HCV RNA was assessed at baseline, Week 4, 12 and 24, the end of treatment (EOT) and after 24 weeks follow-up (sustained virological response; SVR) with a test range of 1.0*10(3) to 5.0*10(7) IU/ml. Patients were stratified by age, gender, weight, route of transmission, duration of infection, baseline HCV RNA level and PegIFN alpha-2a or RBV dosage. HCV genotype was assessed in 29 patients (genotype 1b, 21; genotype 2a, 7; genotype 1b/2a, 1). Rapid virological response (RVR; HCV RNA negative at week 4), complete early virological response (cEVR; HCV RNA negative at week 12), EOT response, and SVR were achieved in 88 (75.2%), 110 (94%), 114 (97.4%) and 96 (82.1%) patients, respectively. Younger age, lower weight and shorter speculated infection years were associated with higher SVR rates (91.4% vs 72.9%, x2=6.796, P value is less than 0.05; 85% vs 50%, x2=5.433, P value is less than 0.05; 96.7% vs 77%, x2=5.852, P value is less than 0.05). SVR significantly increased with treatment length (38.5%, 66.7%, and 88.8% for is less than or equal to 29 weeks, 29-38 weeks, and is more than or equal to 38 weeks, respectively). SVR significantly increased with total cumulative treatment doses (38.5%, 66.7% and 88.8% for is less than or equal to 60%, 60%-80% and is more than or equal to 80% of PegIFN dose respectively; 33.3%, 85.3% and 96.8% for is less than or equal to 60%, 60%-80% and is more than or equal to 80% in RBV dose respectively) in all patients. Less than 80% of standard dose of RBV was not sufficient even if given enough PegIFN (is more than or equal to 80% cumulative treatment dose) in patients who achieved RVR. Chinese patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin have high rates of SVR. It is important to complete the target length of treatment and to continue the target dosage to achieve SVR.

Factors Predicting the Efficacy of Adefovir Dipivoxil on Treatment-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients at 48 Weeks

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To reveal possible factors predicting the effect of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and optimize the utilization of ADV. METHODS: In total, 168 treatment-naive CHB patients were enrolled, including 117 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients and 51 HBeAg-negative patients who met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with ADV 10 mg per day for 48 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate baseline factors, and responses at weeks 12 and 24 were analyzed as predictive values. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses showed that baseline HBeAg status and HBV DNA levels significantly affected the virological response (VR) (p or =10(3) copies/mL at week 24 is observed.

Assessment of disease activity and liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique in assessing the disease activity and liver fibrosis of chronic viral hepatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis who received liver biopsy and 10 healthy volunteers were included in this study. All of them underwent DWI on a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system. When the gradient factor b value was set at 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 s/mm2, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the liver was measured respectively. Biopsy specimens were scored for necroinflammation and liver fibrosis according to the Knodell histological activity index.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADC values of the right lobe in both controls and patients were lower than those of the left lobe. When the b value was set at 400, 600, and 800 s/mm2, the differences of the ADC values between the fibrosis group (n = 36) and the non-fibrosis group (n = 23, including 10 cases of normal subjects) were statistically significant (P < 0.01). When the b value was set at 800 s/mm2, the ADC values among the different degrees of necroinflammation and grades of liver fibrosis were also significantly different (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DWI is a valuable method for in vivo and noninvasive assessment of the disease activity and liver fibrosis of chronic viral hepatitis.</p>

Impact of Antimicrobial Agents on Transcription of Gene hld in Forming Process of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the transcription level of gene hld of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the biofilm forming and detaching under MIC antibiotic and explore the relationship between biofilm-related drug resistance and persistant infection.METHODS The transcription level of gene hld of S.epidermidis under MIC concentration of 4 antibiotics was compared with those of the control group without antibiotics by SYBR real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR at the different time point of biofilm formation and detachment.RESULTS The transcription of gene hld decreased rapidly from initial adherence,and droped continuously for few hours.There was an increase from 24 hours to 72 hours in groups without antibiotics but not in antibiotics groups,the differenet was significant.CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics improve adherence at first and then prevent matrix decomposition water-conducting tube and detachment of cells by impact of transcription of gene hld,it can protect cells from killing by inhibiting the penetration of biotics and prevent them become planktonic cells after detachment from biofilm.

The relationship between 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the histopathology of livers of chronic viral hepatitis patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlations between 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings and histopathological grading and staging of the livers of chronic viral hepatitis patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one patients with chronic viral hepatitis and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled for this study. All of them underwent routine MRI plain scan and 31P-MRS of their livers. Peak areas of PME, PDE, PCr, Pi, gamma-ATP, beta-ATP and alpha-ATP were calculated. The concentrations of the phosphorus compounds of their livers, including PME, PDE, PCr, Pi, gamma-ATP, beta-ATP and alpha-ATP were measured. Percutaneous liver biopsies were performed on all 31 patients 0 to 7 days after their 31P-MRS examinations. Biopsy specimens were scored for fibrosis and necroinflammation according to the Knodell histological activity index. According to their necroinflammation scores, the 31 patients were divided into groups: slight hepatitis (7 patients), mild hepatitis (11), moderate hepatitis (8) and severe hepatitis (5). According to their fibrosis scores, the patients were divided into groups: no fibrosis (7 patients), portal fibrosis (11), bridging fibrosis (5) and cirrhosis (8).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PME%, PDE% and PME/PDE of the hepatitis patients and of the control volunteers had significant statistical differences. The differences of PME%, PDE% and PME/PDE among different grades and stages also had statistical significance. When PME/PDE=0.78, 0.95 and 1.11 were set as the cut-off points for different grades of necroinflammation, and PME/PDE=0.79, 0.95 and 1.10 were set as the cut-off points for different stages of fibrosis, a sensitivity of 80.0%-87.5% and a specificity of 42.9%-72.7% were achieved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PME/PDE is a sensitive marker for diagnosing the severity of chronic viral hepatitis. A rise of PME/PDE in hepatitis patients represents an increase of synthesis and a decrease in the breakdown of hepatocytes.</p>

Comparative study of EEG and CT in early youth with cerebral cysticercosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of EEG and CT in early youth with cerebral cys- ticercosis.Methods The EEG and CT manifestations were studied in 240 early youth with cerebral cysticercosis. Results The abnormal rate of EEG was 86.7 % in children with cysticercosis,which mainly showed the diffuse or focal irregularity complex slow waves in frontal lobe,central lobe and anterior lobe.The abnormal rate of CT was 70.8 % in all patients,and flaky and circular focus were chief manifestations.There was a significant difference be- tween the rates of EEG and CT(P